أثر إتفاقية منظمة التجارة العالمية على سياسة إحلال الواردات في الدول النامية دراسة حالة السودان الفترة (1995-2014م)

Abstract

The study dealt with the issue of the impact of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on import substitution policy in developing countries through the study of the case of Sudan in the period from 1995 to 2014. The study aimed to highlight the importance of joining of the developing countries to the WTO from one side, and demonstrating the need of these countries in general and Sudan in particular to implement the import substitution policy as a development policy that contributes to address the imbalance in the performance of the foreign sector. Then to study the impact of the WTO Agreement on the implementation of import substitution policy The problem of the study question the impact of the WTO Agreement, which Sudan is seeking to join, on the import substitution process, which is an essential part of the economic policy pursued in the quest to reform its existing economic conditions, How can it reconcile WTO accession requirements to remove barriers and trade barriers, and the protectionist measures required by the import substitution process? The research has tested several hypotheses. The most important ones are:  Following the import substitution policy is a necessity to address the deficit in the Sudanese trade balance.  The need for Sudan to join the World Trade Organization requires a reconciliation between the requirements of the import substitution policy and the requirements of joining the Organization.  Exceptions provided by the WTO Agreement for Developing Countries represent an appropriate entry point for enforcing the import substitution policy in Sudan. The research used the historical method, the analytical descriptive approach and the case study method. The research reached several conclusions, most notably:  Sudan urgently needs to intense its efforts to join the World Trade Organization as a necessary step to integrate into the global economy.  Sudan's efforts to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) without applying the import substitution policy within the tripartite economic reform program (2012-2014) have not been pursued.  Despite the discrepancy between the requirements joining of Sudan to the WTO and the tools of implementing the import substitution policy being based on protectionist measures, there are some approaches provided by the agreement that allow the use of import substitution policy to solve the problems of the external sector in Sudan Economy. Accordingly, it made several recommendations, the most important of which are:  The need to work hard and urgently for the joining of Sudan to the World Trade Organization.  Reviewing the import substitution policy implemented within the framework of the tripartite economic reform program (2012-2014) and improving it to ensure its effectiveness and efficiency in achieving its objectives.  Taking advantage of the approaches provided by the WTO Agreement, which allow for the protective measures and procedures required to implement the import substitution policy.