الآثار المحتملة لمنظمة التجارة العالمية على الأمن الغذائي في الدول النامية بالتركيز على القطاع الزراعي

Abstract

Abstract The developing countries witnessed in the second half of twentieth century two crises: debt crises and food insecurity crises in addition to self-sufficiency decline of food commodities. Thus solutions of these crises are no longer internal or domestic matters; especially after emergence of World Trade Organization (WTO) which secreted agriculture convention, so solution became subjected to internal and external changes. The first crisis led to interdependence between economics of developing and developed economies, while the second crises increased the number of hungry people and food shortages. The second crisis is the subject of this study .It is intended to identify food security situation in developing countries under umbrella of World Trade Organization (WTO) and state suitable solutions. The aim of the study is to identify the probable pros and cons in developing countries and capability of the developing countries’ economies to cope with outcomes of agriculture convention produced by deliberations of Uruguay and insured in Marrakesh round in Morocco. In this study Sudan is taken as a case study for developing countries .The study tries to identify Sudan’s probable challenges and appropriate solutions that can lead to reduction of food security crisis taking into account the importance of agriculture for developing countries which majority of them suffers from economics fragility as a result of exporting raw materials. In addition agriculture is the backbone and the only source for food, so the importance of the study is exemplified in importance of food security for these countries which suffer from food shortages, widespread of hunger and poverty. The study stated a number of propositions to ensure that Sudan suffers from food security problem and that joining World Trade Organization (WTO) will help Sudan to secure food through the probable increase of agricultural products prices as well as reduction of customs tariff of agricultural imports will enhance agricultural performance. The study adopted descriptive and historical methods to identify Sudan’s economic situation and position of its agriculture from a theoretical perspective .The researcher used interviews as research tool .The study community composes of a number of professional economists, university professors and employees. The most important findings of the study are as follows: Sudan suffers from loss of household and national security food. Sudanese economy is in a difficult transitional period and can’t cope with Agriculture Agreement stated by World Trade Organization(WTO).It is necessary to support agricultural production , increase productivity and enhance competitiveness capacity making use of comparative advantage of Sudanese agriculture .Finally, the study stated the following recommendations: food security program activation, import substitution, focus on poverty fighting, to protect citizen from price rises and alleviate poverty, the government should build strategic stock of consuming commodities.