عزل وتحديد التصنيف جزيئي لبعض البكتيريا المقاومة للمضادات الحيوية الممرضة بالدجاج المُربى في المنازل والمذبوح تقليدياً بولاية الخرطوم = Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Pathogenic Resistant Bacteria from Home raised and Slaughtered Poultry

Abstract

This study was conducted to detect the presence of contaminant microbes especially pathogenic bacteria in chicken meat from domestic poultry farms slaughtered using local methods in Khartoum state. A total of sixteen (16) samples were collected and then divided into eight collected internally and the other eight collected externally. All the samples were collected randomly from three different locations in Khartoum state, that is ; Mayo sixth market, ushira market and omdurman market. The samples were cultured in different culture media to detect the presence of some types of entero-pathogenic bacteria that are suspected to be present in chicken meat. The results showed that the highest percentage of contamination was from E.coli, Staphylococcus aureaus and other Staphylococcus species. Their percentages were 16(100%),16(100%) and 10(62.5%) respectively. Other types detected were Salmonella, Proteus and Pseudomonas as their percentages were 6(37.5%),2(12.5%) and 4(25%)respectively .The total number of live microbes from the three localities for all the samples were ; ushira market 3.7x105cells per gram, mayo market 1.26x106cells per gram and Omdruman market 2.78x105 cells per gram. The isolated bacteria varied in their resistance to antibiotics used in this study. E.coli showed extremely high resistance of 100% against Ampicillin and 65.5% against Tetracycline. Salmonella also showed 100% resistance against Ampicillin.Pseudomonas and proteus showed very high resistance against Ampicillin, cofotaxicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxin and levofloxin. The results also showed that antibiotics ceflocyclin and ofloxine had the least effect on the isolated bacteria with100% resistance against the antibiotics. Detection of molecular variation of the isolated E.coli and salmonella and confirmatory diagnosis conducted using 16s rRNA prima for E.coli and Flic.d gene for Salmonella. The primers were designed special for each of the two genes. The gel-electrophoresis results showed the presence of the two genes in E.coli and salmonella. some genes had mutation in some nitrogen bases compared with the used genes and confirmatory detection was done using 16srRNA and Flic.d gene.