النثر العربي في إثيوبيا في القرن التاسع عشر الميلادي:تاريخه وموضوعاته وخصائصه

Abstract

The aim of this study is to introduce Arabic prose in Ethiopia in the nineteenth century, to know its themes and characteristics, and to clarify its scientific and literary importance. The researcher used the historical method and the technical method. The sample of the study was in some of the manuscripts written in this period. The researcher collected them from different regions in Ethiopia such as Harer, Gimma, Wollo, Gonder, Zebi Molla and other areas. The researcher also conducted a number of interviews with some interested in the field of study. The researcher adopted a method in the literary analysis of the texts based on the study of style, emotion, imagination, virtuous improvements and other criteria of literary taste. The study resulted in the results and recommendations, the most important of which were: 1. In Ethiopia in the nineteenth century - especially the first half - a rise in the field of Islamic education has had a significant impact on religious reform and renewal in a number of Sufi and educational centers, the most important being the centers of Qallo, Yajjo, Harer, Jimma and Arosi . These centers were concerned with the dissemination of Islam on the doctrines of Sufism such as Qadiriyah, Shaziliya, Tijaniyah, Naqshbandiya,Samaniya and others. It also dealt with the teaching of Islamic sciences and the sciences of Arabic as well as some other sciences. 2. A number of scholars emerged in this period who contributed to the writing in Arabic, including: Sheikh Hussein bin Habib al-Jabarti, Sheikh Jamal Al-Din Al-Anni, Sheikh Ali al-Qondari, Sheikh Jawhar ibn Haider al-Shonqi and others, they wrote deserved studying and evaluation. 3. The topics dealt with in this prose were as follows: a) Scientific prose: It included writing in Islamic sciences such as: interpretation, jurisprudence, doctrine, unification and mysticism. The writing in Arabic language included explanations, comments, and abbreviations for the books of grammar, syntax, presentation, and so on. B) Artistic prose: It was not purely for literary purposes, but for religious purposes. It appears in the biography of Al-Mustafa (|The Prophet Muhammad) peace be upon him, and in the prayers and the citation and the commandments, and sermons. 4. What the Ethiopians wrote of Arab prose has scientific and literary value and should be judged by looking to the historical circumstances of that period. Among the proposals and recommendations of this study: a. The need to coordinate between the scientific institutions dealing with African studies, such as the Faculty of Arts and the Center for African Research and Studies of the African International University, and the Department of Ethiopian Studies at Addis Ababa University to collect, investigate and print Arabic manuscripts in Ethiopia. b. The need to establish sections of manuscripts in the libraries of the Faculty of Arts and the Center for African Studies at the African International University, which deals with the collection and preservation of manuscripts in African countries that do not speak Arabic. c. Preparation of studies dealing with the topics of Arabic literature in Ethiopia such as: 1. The Sufism according to Sheikh Jamal al-Din al-Anni. 2. Sheikh Hassan bin Habib al-Jabarti His life and literary effects. 3. Mohieddin Ben Arabi and his impact on Sufism thought in Ethiopia.