آليات توزيع الدخل والثروة ودورها في محاربة الفقر في الإسلام :دراسة حالة السودان في الفترة من 1990-2016

Abstract

Poverty Is one of the significant problems facing the world, and takes interest due to its negative effects in terms of economic, social, security and humanity. Sudan considered as one of the poorest countries in the world facing the problems of poverty. This study is to examine how to combat poverty in Sudan as a major goal , and to consider the role of the institutions operating in this field and the difficulties facing these efforts. Concentrating on the role of income and wealth distributing institutions in Islam example of Zakat Chamber of Sudan. This study aims at identifying the mechanisms of income and wealth re-distribution in Islam, and to stand upon the causes of poverty phenomenon and the factors behind spreading its effects and reflections through highlighting practical application of those mechanisms of wealth and income re-distribution in Islam, by centering on Sudan, through various methods which can be perceived in ( the role of Zakat , micro-finance institutions and Islamic Insurance). The researcher has applied the descriptive analysis methodology depending on the information collected from references and scientific sources. The research problem did rises in the attempt of providing answers to the question: what are mechanisms of wealth and income re-distribution in Islam ? Have they contributed in reducing poverty? What are their practical results? to what extent have these mechanisms solved the poverty phenomena? are there positive effects projected to be applied in Sudan ? Verily, the researcher has arrived into the following results, the most crucial are : Zakat is being considered as a practical model in combating poverty in favor of poor people. Likewise , all institutions of insurance and micro-finance should be obedient to the regulations which comply with an insurance contract provided by jurists in all of their undertakings. It is in the same course, the scope of group whereby the Charity will be distributed to them, has contributed more to poverty alleviation ح particularly in Sudan, that is due to the allocation of Charity shares to the weak group . Here , the research recommend that, possible solution should be implementation of the Islamic Sharia , because it guarantees the removal of Sudan and the Muslim community from poverty and under-development, by laying down the legislative system of Zakat , in addition to that, broadening the scope of Zakat to cover all properties and wealth. In order to comply with the recent time, it is highly emphasized to apply modern and advanced ways of administering the Zakat Likewise, to develop the cooperative insurance and micro-finance institution and modernizing the Accountability Foundation for the sake of protecting and controlling the economy