إستراتيجية الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية تجاه قضية جنوب السودان في الفترة من 1989م ـ 2011م

Abstract

Through our research in the strategy of the United States spared him the issue of southern Sudan during the time of the rescue, which was one of the most periods of intensified where it was through US pressure on Sudan through Ranked as a state sponsor of terrorism, and then isolating and issuing sanctions against it, whether through the Security Council or the United Nations or directly to the US Congress, which varied between military support of regional neighboring countries and to provide the necessary popular movement led by John support group or through disciplinary airstrikes to Khartoum bombed the Shifa pharmaceutical plant. Where he used the strategy of isolation and containment strategy. The isolation strategy to isolate the Sudanese regime internationally and regionally, and as containing the inside through a particularly strong opposition National Democratic Rally opposition and weakening its capacity to influence the course of regional and international events. The varied tools that the United States used toward the issue of the South, both logistical assistance for the SPLM, and Tharis neighboring countries to Sudan, and notice the southerners that they are oppressed by the north, and to encourage them to adopt the right of self-determination and secession, the claim that the Islamic threat in the north threatens to Christianity in the south, where he proceeded to tarnish the image of the ruling regime in Khartoum in the international media and regional. US strategy has adopted a siege of Sudan diplomatically and economically to find a solution to the crisis the south, and succeeded in finding a solution to the issue of southern Sudan, which led eventually to the formation and separation of state stature alone is unhappy with a large part in the north of Sudan. Follow the researcher, which is based on the study of history analysis and description and induction, and the researcher suggested that the South Sudanese problem popped to the surface in 1955 and the first serious attempts made to resolve them through the Round Table Conference in 1965 as a product of the escalating crisis of the South in the President Abud period in 1964, then he came after the Addis Ababa Agreement in 1972, which failed to meet all the demands of the people of the south to Tji rebellion Torit garrison and John Garang, the rebel statement in 1983 which raised the confrontation with the central government in Khartoum logo through the support provided to him from America. National Salvation Government came inJune 1989 and raised the slogan of peace and stability and resolving crisis of the South, through the organization of a comprehensive conference to address the issues of peace, and the start of serious negotiations with the SPLA, led by John team and the rest of the rebel factions, but the United States intervened the role in favor of the popular movement, the beginning of the Washington Seminar in 1992 to unite the southern Tier, in the same year Frankfurt document is done in Addis Ababa, followed by the Abuja negotiations (1.2) in 1992, the first rescue and IGAD second in 1994 in which the African Union mediator presented a declaration of principles IGAD In 1995 came Asmara conference of the Sudanese opposition to all factions that not much different from the previous conferences in terms of the issues discussed. The United States used and cautious in all negotiations that have made between the two parties since the government in May-stick strategy down to the government rescue, and continued to push the peace process to be reached for the signing of the Comprehensivtems and ferendum the right of the fate of th South report after the end of the traal period and the referendum held in 2011 and has written its result to the secession of the south by 98%, and this we say that the United States has succeeded in the separation of southern Sudan from the north although the Convention raised the slogan (attractive unity)